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      Hadoop：分布式资源调度YARN
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        <p><strong>YARN</strong>全称：Yet Another Resource Negotiator。</p>
<p>一个Cluster Resource Management</p>
<a id="more"></a>

<h2 id="YARN产生背景"><a href="#YARN产生背景" class="headerlink" title="YARN产生背景"></a>YARN产生背景</h2><p>MapReduce1.x存在的问题：</p>
<ul>
<li>单点故障&amp;节点压力大不易扩展</li>
<li>资源利用率低&amp;运维成本高</li>
</ul>
<p>Hadoop1.x时:  </p>
<p>MapReduce: Master&#x2F;Slave架构， 1个JobTracker带多个TaskTracker<br>JobTracker: 负责资源管理和作业调度<br>TaskTracker: 定期向JT汇报本节点的健康状况、资源使用情况、作业执行情况;<br>接收来自JT的命令:启动任务&#x2F;杀死任务</p>
<p><strong>YARN</strong>:</p>
<p>不同计算框架可以共享同一个HDFS集群上的数据，享受整体的资源调度<br>XXX on YARN的好处:<br>与其他计算框架共享集群资源，按资源需要分配，进而提高集群资源的利用率<br>XXX: Spark&#x2F;MapReduce&#x2F;Storm&#x2F;Flink</p>
<h2 id="基本思想"><a href="#基本思想" class="headerlink" title="基本思想"></a>基本思想</h2><p>MapReduce v2版本的<strong>基本思想</strong>是将JobTracker的两个主要功能（<strong>资源管理和作业计划&#x2F;监视</strong>）拆分为单独的守护程序。 想法是拥有一个全局<strong>ResourceManager</strong>（RM）和每个应用程序的<strong>ApplicationMaster</strong>（AM）。 一个应用程序（Application）要么是传统意义上的Map-Reduce作业中的单个作业，要么是作业的DAG（有向无环图）。</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="主要组件"><a href="#主要组件" class="headerlink" title="主要组件"></a>主要组件</h2><p><img src="/2020/06/18/%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6YARN/yarn_architecture.gif" alt="Yarn架构和主要组件"></p>
<p>ResourceManager和每个节点的从属节点NodeManager（NM）构成了数据计算框架。 ResourceManager是在系统中所有应用程序之间仲裁资源的最终权限。</p>
<p>每个应用程序的ApplicationMaster实际上是一个框架特定库，其任务是协商来自ResourceManager的资源，并与NodeManager一起执行和监视任务。</p>
<p>ResourceManager具有两个主要组件：Scheduler和ApplicationsManager。  </p>
<p>Scheduler负责将资源分配给各种正在运行的应用程序，这些应用程序受到常见的能力、队列等约束。<br>Scheduler是纯调度器，因为它不监视或跟踪应用程序的状态。此外，它不能保证重新启动<em>由于应用程序失败或硬件失败而失败的</em>任务。<br>Scheduler基于应用程序的资源要求执行其调度功能；它基于资源容器的抽象概念来执行此功能，资源容器合并了内存、CPU、磁盘、网络等元素。在第一个版本中，仅支持内存。<br>Scheduler有一个可插拔的策略插件，负责在各种队列、应用程序等之间划分集群资源。Map-Reduce调度器(如CapacityScheduler和FairScheduler)就是该插件的一些示例。<br>CapacityScheduler支持分层队列（<em>hierarchical queues</em>），以使群集资源的共享更加可预测。</p>
<p>ApplicationsManager负责接受作业提交，协商用于执行特定于应用程序的ApplicationMaster的第一个容器，并提供在失败时重新启动ApplicationMaster容器的服务。</p>
<p>Container： 封装了CPU、Memory等资源的容器。</p>
<p>NodeManager是每台机器的框架代理，负责容器，监视其资源使用情况（cpu，内存，磁盘，网络），并将其报告给ResourceManager &#x2F; Scheduler。</p>
<p>每个应用程序的ApplicationMaster负责从Scheduler协商适当的资源容器，跟踪它们的状态并监视进度。</p>
<p>MRV2与以前的稳定版本（hadoop-1.x）保持API兼容性。这意味着，所有Map Reduce作业都应该在MRv2的基础上以不变的方式运行，只需重新编译。</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="YARN环境搭建"><a href="#YARN环境搭建" class="headerlink" title="YARN环境搭建"></a>YARN环境搭建</h2><p>Hadoop版本：hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.7.0</p>
<h3 id="服务器配置"><a href="#服务器配置" class="headerlink" title="服务器配置"></a>服务器配置</h3><p>依然是在伪分布式环境：<br>Hadoop也可以以伪分布式模式在单节点上运行，其中每个Hadoop守护程序都在单独的Java进程中运行。<br>通过设置一些参数并运行ResourceManager守护进程和NodeManager守护进程，可以在伪分布式模式下在YAR上运行MapReduce作业。</p>
<p>打开以下配置文件：Hadoop安装目录&#x2F;etc&#x2F;hadoop&#x2F;mapred-site.xml:</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="XML"><figure class="iseeu highlight /xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span>mapreduce.framework.name<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span>yarn<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p>Hadoop安装目录&#x2F;etc&#x2F;hadoop&#x2F;yarn-site.xml:</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="XML"><figure class="iseeu highlight /xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">name</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span>mapreduce_shuffle<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">value</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">property</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">configuration</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<h3 id="启动与停止YARN服务"><a href="#启动与停止YARN服务" class="headerlink" title="启动与停止YARN服务"></a>启动与停止YARN服务</h3><p>启动ResourceManager守护程序和NodeManager守护程序：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="BASH"><figure class="iseeu highlight /bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ <span class="variable">$HADOOP_HOME</span>/sbin/start-yarn.sh</span><br><span class="line">$</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<p><code>jps</code>命令查看RM和NM进程是否启动成功<br>ResourceManager Web管理界面： <a href="http://server-ip:8088/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://server-ip:8088/</a></p>
<p>运行MapReduce作业：<br>使用<code>hadoop jar</code>命令提交MapReduce作业到yarn运行。</p>
<p>停止YARN守护进程：</p>
<div class="highlight-box"autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" contenteditable="false"data-rel="BASH"><figure class="iseeu highlight /bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ <span class="variable">$HADOOP_HOME</span>/sbin/stop-yarn.sh</span><br><span class="line">$</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></div>

<hr>
<p><a href="https://archive.cloudera.com/cdh5/cdh/5/hadoop-2.6.0-cdh5.7.0/hadoop-project-dist/hadoop-common/ClusterSetup.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">真·分布式集群配置</a></p>

          
      
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